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Abundance and habitat use of reintroduced populations of the Hermit (Chazara briseis) in the Czech Republic
Pešová, Lucie ; Sedláček, Ondřej (advisor) ; Vrba, Pavel (referee)
The Hermit (Chazara briseis) belongs to the critically endangered species in the Czech Republic. Its last population survived until recently in the NPR Raná in the České středohoří Protected Landscape Area, but it has gradually declined. The specie's habitat is short-stemmed grasslands, which are maintained mainly by extensive grazing and management. Currently, these sites are declining, traditional management has changed and the sites are gradually becoming overgrown. Therefore, the reconstruction of the butterfly's habitats has been undertaken in selected localities that the butterfly used to inhabit in the past, in the České středohoří Protected Landscape Area (PR Číčov, Dlouhá hora, PP Radobýl) and in the Český kras Protected Landscape Area (Třesina, Radotín). Reintroduction of eggs and caterpillars took place in these sites in 2020-2021. The aim of the thesis was to evaluate the population abundance and habitat use of the Chazara briseis at these sites immediately after reintroduction. I estimated the size of the populations using the mark-capture-recapture method in 2020 and 2021. The size of the populations in the Lonské středohoří (Dlouhá hora and Číčov) was around 400-500 individuals with a fairly balanced sex ratio. Overflights were also recorded between these sites, which may indicate...
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Pesticide impacts on farmland bird populations
Kutzendőrferová, Adéla ; Reif, Jiří (advisor) ; Grünwald, Jan (referee)
Pesticides are problematic chemicals that are found in a variety of environments. These substances tend to accumulate in living organisms, where they decomposite very slowly and can have a negative impact on bird populations. This is why some chemicals are still detected in these environments today, even years after their use has been banned, and may continue to affect organisms. The aim of my bachelor thesis was to conduct a literature search on the impact of pesticides on farmland bird populations. The first part of the thesis focuses on pesticides, their history, their division into different systems and their effects. The second part of the thesis then discusses the overall effects of pesticide use on farmland bird populations, particularly on breeding success and abundance. In this part, several studies have been collected that confirm the negative effect of pesticides on bird abundance, but not all of these studies are representative of real situations in the landscape. Finally, the paper assesses the overall role of pesticides in the observed bird declines and also presents suggestions to address the current negative trends. The thesis points to the need for expanded research studies that reflect actual conditions in agricultural landscapes to reveal the true extent of the effects of these...
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Výskyt, početnost a ohrožení ježků Erinaceus europaeus a Erinaceus roumanicus ve městě České Budějovice s využitím termovizní technologie
STANKOVÁ, Alena
This work is focused on studying the presence and population density of hedgehogs as well as threats to their population in given locations in České Budějovice. The research took place in two city parks far from the city centre, three parks close to the city centre and three housing estates. A spotter has been periodically observing their surroundings using infrared binoculars while walking along a given path. Observation was done once a month, from June to October, on each location. There were no hedgehogs found in the parks near the city centre. The hedgehog abundance differed between the parks far from the city centre and housing estates - the abundance in parks reaching up to 83 hedgehogs km-2 and the abundance in housing estates being 30-50 hedgehogs km-2. No wounded nor dead hedgehogs have been noticed. The effective spotting distance of infrared binoculars was 100 m in parks and 60 meters in housing estates. Vegetation height and density was major factor in the effectivity of the infrared binoculars when used for spotting small animals.
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Occurrence and habitat selection of Common wood pigeon (\kur{Columba palumbus)} in the urban environment.
MELNYK, Andrii
The bachelor thesis focuses on the study of the abundance and habitat requirements of the wood pigeon (Columba palumbus) in different environments. It analyses the adaptation of the wood pigeon (Columba palumbus) to urban environments and its ecology in urbanized areas. The results show that most pigeons were found in the park zone, where most nests were also found. Fewer pigeons and nests were found in the urban environment compared to the park zone, while the agricultural habitat had the fewest pigeons and nests. The average number of pigeons per hectare and the number of nests per hectare were also calculated for each habitat and showed differences in population density between them. The work also focuses on factors affecting the occurrence and abundance of the wood pigeon (Columba palumbus) in urban environments, such as food availability, nesting sites and suitable climatic conditions. The aim of this thesis is to obtain more detailed information on the adaptation of the homing pigeon to the urban environment and its ecology, which may contribute to a better understanding of the relationships between the urban environment and bird habitat.
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Autumn Eurasian Crane (\kur{Grus grus}) migration passage across the Czech Republic with special focus on the south-west Bohemia region
MILLEROVÁ, Adéla
The common crane (Grus grus) is a migratory bird which was earlier considered as a rarely migrating kind in the Czech Republic. Currently here migrate up to several thousand individuals of common crane. Common cranes in Europe use two main migration routes - eastern and western. The eastern migration route runs from Finland and north-west of Russia through Hungary to northern Africa. The west migration route, which is also used by cranes nesting in the Czech Republic, runs from Norway, Sweden and Finland through Germany and France to Spain. During the migration, cranes stop at a gathering point where they have a rest and search for food. One of the best-known gathering points of common cranes is located in Hungarian national park Hortobágy. Phenology of migration is generally influenced by a broad spectrum of factors. In the last decade distinct changes of migration behaviour of this kind have been recorded. It probably comes to interconnection between eastern and western migration routes. A part of common cranes deviates from the eastern migration route, and at the same time migrates through the Czech Republic and connects to the western migration route. The aim of this work was to work out an overview of phenology of migration and to analyse available data on the migration of cranes in Southwestern Bohemia and adjoining areas (Bavaria, Upper Austria). The results show that it comes to increase in numbers of observed individuals of cranes in Southwestern Bohemia. When migrating through our territory, the cranes mostly prefer north-western flight direction. These results show that it probably comes to interconnecting of the eastern and western migration route. The average date of cranes passing through our territory over the years 2010 to 2019 has not changed demonstrably. The average daily temperature had a marginally significant effect on the passage of individuals of common cranes through our territory. The number of individuals passing through our territory between the census dates in the Hortobágy national park was demonstrably influenced by the date (period) of the passage.
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Distribution and abundance of wintering and breeding population of Mute Swan (\kur{Cygnus olor}) in the South Bohemia region
HNÍDKOVÁ, Lucie
This work evaluates quantity of the mute swan (Cygnus olor) in wintering grounds and nesting sites in southern Bohemia. The mute swan became the target species of the JOK 2020 Bird of the Year campaign. The aim of mapping the mute swan population in 2020 was to identify as much of its South Bohemian nesting and wintering population as possible. The census followed similar projects from previous years and it took place in a total of four terms. The most important of them was the third term, which involved the nesting and leading of the young swans. A total of 1358 locations were inspected. In the first term, i.e., during the count in wintering grounds, 387 swans were recorded in 184 locations. During nesting, i.e., in the second and third terms, a total of 1230 locations were inspected, of which 368 (29.92 %) were occupied. There were 162 nesting pairs in 159 locations. In the third term separately, a total of 1003 locations were inspected, 1563 individuals at 221 locations were recorded, 96 pairs with a total of 434 young were present. During the August after-nesting count, 666 locations were inspected, and 1284 swans were recorded at 122 locations. Nesting swans most often occurred in habitats with vegetation area over 25 %.
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Seasonality in reproduction and abundance of birds in African savannas
Kučminová, Veronika ; Hořák, David (advisor) ; Remeš, Vladimír (referee)
Seasonality of climate is a crucial factor that determines the existence of African savannas. Especially, the rainfall seasonality is a key factor in the abundance and reproduction of bird species of the savannas. Precipitation determines the timing of reproduction directly, but mainly indirectly through the influence of the environment, phenology, and productivity of plants. The vegetation determines the availability of resources and shelters. However, the widespread distribution of the savannas across the continent means that the seasonality and consequently the environment varies considerably from one area to another due to the different timing, size, and duration of wet and dry seasons. Breeding, as well as the abundance of savanna birds, is clearly influenced by the availability of food, which is determined by seasonal rainfall. For most species, the rainy season is an ideal time for reproduction, but there are also other groups of birds, that prefer a dry season for breeding and nesting. The birds must cope with unfavourable conditions outside the breeding season or leave their breeding areas. The abundance of birds in savannas is also significantly affected by the presence of palearctic migrants. Migration is therefore an important factor of the seasonal abundance of the savanna avifauna....
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Population dynamics of Red-crested Pochard (Netta rufina)
Poláková, Klára ; Musil, Petr (advisor) ; Storch, David (referee)
This study is aimed at analysis of long-term and short-term changes in numbers of Red-crested Pochard (Netta rufina) in Třeboň region. This species is increasing in long-term period and it is also spreading into new localities in the Czech Republic. There were recorded two waves of arrival of Red-crested Pochard arrive, i.e. in April and in May. The total numbers were decreasing at the end of breeding season (from the beginning of July) in study area. The water surface area and area of littoral vegetation were found to be the most important factors affecting preference of individual ponds in pre-breeding season. Furthermore, water transparency seems to be important factor affecting numbers of broods, ducklings and adults in post-breeding season. Low numbers of broods per 1 female were recorded in years with high numbers of Red- crested Pochard at the start of breeding season. However, the frequency of brood parasitism was higher in these years. Key words: Netta rufina, Red-crested Pochard, population dynamics, ducks, breeding, numbers, brood parasitism, south Bohemia
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Feral Pigeon (Columba livia f. domestica) Census in Selected Sites of Prague
Bukačová, Kateřina ; Řezníček, Jan (advisor) ; Štěpán, Jiří (referee)
This thesis deals with the monitoring of numerous rate of domestic pigeon (Columba livia f. Domestica, hereinafter referred to as pigeon) in a given area and its spatial activity. The work includes incidence monitoring of individual pigeons depending on daytime and weather. The monitoring was carried out by observational method in the period from February to May 2015. The observations were related to individuals who occurred the monitored area (the buildings in Dukelských hrdinů street). Furthermore, the work compares the results from population census of Prague pigeon and the results from census of other European cities. It was further investigated whether the amount of pigeons in the area is affected by abiotic conditions (air temperature and weather). The result of the thesis should contribute to better knowledge of overall pigeon rate determining in the capital city of Prague. The collected data may help to gain a deeper knowledge of the entire population ecology living in this territory. They can also be beneficial, for example, in reducing of the pigeon numbers or serve in other investigations. Key words: pigeon, Domestic Pigeons (Columba livia f. domestica), abundance, monitoring, abiotic conditions, population
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